Patrones de negación en el discurso político inaugural de los presidentes estadounidenses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56683/rs171168Keywords:
negation, inaugural political speech, lexicogrammatical disruptionsAbstract
This paper analyses the patterns of negation and reports the results of a quantitative study on their intersections with lexicogrammatical systems in political discourse. The corpus made up of the 45 inaugural speeches delivered by US presidents (122,848 words) was semiautomatically tagged following the theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics. Results show that the frequency of negation in this register is higher than that in the overall pattern of English and that a discoursal interplay between negation and concession is applied signalling a strategy of denial and substitution of presupposition. Besides, among the statistically significant disruptions are the intersection between negative polarity and modality and no-negation and existential processes.
Downloads
References
Adjei, A. A. & L. Ewusi-Mensah. 2016. “Transitivity in Kufour’s 2008 farewell speech to the Ghanaian Parliament”, en: British Journal of English Linguistics 4 (1), 36-49.
_____ & H. Okoh. 2015. “Transitivity in political discourse: A study of the major process types in the 2009 state-of-the-nation address in Ghana”, en: Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics 16, 23-32.
Ahrens, K. 2015. “Corpus of political speeches”, Hong Kong Baptist University Library [en línea]. Disponible en: http://digital.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/corpus/
Biber, D., S. Johansson, G. Leech, S. Conrad & E. Finegan. 1999. Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow: Longman.
Ducrot, O. 1984. Le dire et le dit. París: Minuit.
Durán, J. M. 2008. “The analysis of political discourse applied to Bush’s and Kerry’s speeches”, en: Nørgaard, N. (ed.) Systemic functional linguistics in use: Odense working papers in language and communication, 267-282. Odense: University of Southern Denmark.
_____ .2012. “An SFL analysis of existential clauses in research articles”, en: Knox, J. (ed.) To boldly proceed: Papers from the 39th International Systemic Functional Congress, 111-116. Sydney: The Organizing Committee of the 39th ISFC.
Eggins, S. 2004. An introduction to systemic functional linguistics (2° ed.). London & New York: Continuum.
Fernández, M. L. & E. Ghio (eds.). 2010. El discurso en español y portugués: Estudios desde una perspectiva sistémico-funcional. Santa Fe: Universidad Nacional del Litoral.
García Negroni, M. M. 2009. “Negación y descalificación. A propósito de la negación meta-lingüística”, en: Ciências e Letras 45. 61-82.
_____ .2016. “Discurso político, contradestinación indirecta y puntos de vista evidenciales: La multidestinación en el discurso político revisitada”, en: ALED 16(1). 37-59.
Ghio, E., F. Navarro & A. Lukin. 2017. Obras esenciales de M.A.K. Halliday. Santa Fe: Universidad Nacional del Litoral.
Givón, T. 1978. “Negation in language: Pragmatics, function, ontology”, en: Cole, P. (ed.) Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 9: Pragmatics, 69-112. New York: Academic Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. 1991. “Towards probabilistic interpretations”, en: Ventola, E. (ed.) Trends in linguistics: functional and systemic linguistics: Approaches and uses. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, reimpreso en: Webster, J. J. (ed.) 2006. Computational and quantitative studies: The Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, Vol. 6, 42-62. London & New York: Continuum.
_____ .2006[1991]. “Corpus studies and probabilistic grammar”, en: Webster, J. J. (ed.) Computational and quantitative studies: The Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, Vol. 6, 63-75. London & New York: Continuum.
_____ .2007[1998]. “Language and knowledge: The ‘unpacking’ of text”, en Webster, J. J. (ed.) The language of science studies: The Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, Vol. 5, 24-48. London & New York: Continuum.
_____ & R. Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman Group.
_____ & Z. L. James. 2005[1993]. “A quantitative study of polarity and primary tense in the English finite clause”, en Webster, J. J. (ed.) Computational and quantitative studies: The Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday, Vol. 6, 93-129. London & New York: Continuum.
_____ & C. M. I. M. Matthiessen. 1999. Construing experience through meaning: A language-based approach to cognition. Malden: Continuum.
_____ .2014. Halliday’s introduction to functional grammar. 4a. ed. London: Routledge.
Hasan, R. 2009. Semantic variation: Meaning in society and in sociolinguistics. The collected works of Ruqaiya Hasan, en: Webster, J. J. (ed.) Vol. 2. London & Oakville: Equinox.
Hetherington, M. J. & J. Weiler. 2009. Authoritarianism and polarization in American politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hoey, M. 1991. Patterns of lexis in text. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Iwamoto, K. 2014. “A multi-stratal approach to paragraph-like organization in lectures”, en: Bowcher, W. L. & B. A. Smith. Systemic phonology: Recent studies in English, 116-149. Sheffield & Bristol: Equinox.
Kazemian, B. & S. Hashemi. 2014. “Critical discourse analysis of Barack Obama’s 2012 speeches: Views from systemic functional linguistics and rhetoric”, en: Theory and Practice in Language Studies 4(6). 1178-1187.
Koutchadé, I. S. 2015. “Discourse analysis of General Muhammadu Buhari’s official acceptance speech: A systemic functional perspective”, en: International Journal of English Linguistics 5(5). 24-36.
Krizsán, A. 2011. The EU is not them but us! The first person plural and the articulation of collective identities in European political discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Lavandera, B. R. & M. L. Pardo. 2014[1987]. “La negación en el discurso político: Patrones y rupturas”, en: Lavandera, B. R. Variación y significado. Y discurso, 325-345. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Lavid, J., J. Arús & J. R. Zamorano-Mansilla. 2010. Systemic functional grammar of Spanish: A contrastive study with English. London & New York: Continuum.
Mainwaring, S. 1993. “Presidentialism, multipartism, and democracy: The difficult combination”, en: Comparative Political Studies 26(2). 198-228.
Martin, J. R. & D. Rose. 2008. Working with discourse: Meaning beyond the clause (2° ed.). London & New York: Continuum.
_____ & P. R. R. White 2005. The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. London & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Martínez Lirola, M. 2012. “The relation of meaning to wording in Mandela’s speech of inauguration as President: A systemic functional analysis of rhetorical devices, marked syntax and appraisal”, en: Journal of Modern Languages 22. 19-31.
Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. 2006. “Frequency profiles of some basic grammatical systems: An interim report”, en: Thompson, G. & S. Hunston (eds.) System and corpus: Exploring connections, 103-142. London & Oakville: Equinox.
_____ .2015. “Register in the round: Registerial cartography”, en: Functional Linguistics 2. 1-49.
Nesbitt, C. & G. Plum. 1988. “Probabilities in systemic grammar: The clause complex in English”, en: Fawcett, R. P. & D. J. Young (eds.) New Developments in Systemic Linguistics 2: Theory and Application, 6-38. London & New York: Pinter.
Nur, S. 2015. “Analysis of interpersonal metafunction in public speeches: A case study of Nelson Mandela’s presidential inauguration speech”, en: The International Journal of Social Sciences 30(1). 52-63.
Plum, G. & A. Cowling. 1987. “Social constraints on grammatical variables: Tense choice in English”, en: Steele, R. & T. Threadgold (eds.) Language Topics: Essays in Honour of Michael Halliday, Vol. 2, 281-305. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Quiroz, B. 2017. Glosario inglés-español de términos sistémico-funcionales. Santiago: Facultad de Letras, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Tench, P. 2011. Transcribing the sound of English: A phonetics workbook for words and discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thompson, G. 2005. “But me some buts: A multidimensional view of conjunction”, en: Text 25(6). 763–791.
_____ .2014. Introducing functional grammar (3° ed.). London & New York: Routledge.
Wang, J. 2010. “A critical discourse analysis of Barak Obama’s speeches”, en: Journal of Language Teaching and Research 1(3). 254-261.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 José Manuel Durán
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
RASAL © Algunos derechos reservados
